- Intake of water should be increased so that chances of dehydration is reduced. Water intake can be direct or through fruits, milk etc.
- Clean the skin regularly as slight contact of dust and sweat may cause irritation
- Keep a healthy and nutritious diet. Now many healthcare products are available for kids to fulfill their dietary requirements. The required quantity of vitamins and minerals should be kept in mind. If unsure then consult a dietician.
- Contaminated air has high chances of spreading diseases like measles, chicken-pox, Diarrhea, so the immunization schedule of kids should be followed. Vaccination should be on time and according to monthly cycle. Also in homeopathy there are precautionary medicines for diseases like measles and chicken-pox, so consult a doctor for that too.
- Some vaccines are given once in life time like Rotavirus for Diarrhea and MMR for Measles and some need to be given on different intervals & requirements (like OPV).
- Intake of glucose or sugar must be checked.
- Protect kids from heat and direct sunlight.
- There should be right intake of Vitamin C.
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Tips for Kids in Changing Weather
Winters have long been over, spring passed away fast and summers are here. Hot warm days & cold nights, this fluctuation of weather is quite dangerous for toddlers. Plain water has no taste and cold water causes sneezing and cough. Kids are very delicate and less immune in comparison to adults. They need special attention for their good health and care. During this season some points should be kept in mind.
Monday, March 2, 2009
Oscar-Welcome to India
A GOLDEN DAY FOR INDIA-
Monday, 23rd of February, 2009, the day jots down the golden words in INDIAN history pages. A glorious day which made the dreams of one billion people true. Proud to be INDIAN………yeah!!
The movie SLUMDOG MILLIONARE bagged 8 Oscars for the best film, best director (Danny Boyle), best original song, scores, best cinematography and editing, best screenplay, best sound mixing (Resul from India). One Indian documentary ‘SMILE PINKI’, also swept an Oscar directed by Megan Mylan, based on a small village girl Pinki with a lip-cleft.
AR Rahman and Mr.Gulzar fascinated the whole world with their magical music
.They make realize the world what the Indians are and their talents, ambitions, approach and will power. They opened the doors for Indian cinema in such a highly reputed academic awards.
The most appreciable thing is the acting of kids from slums, it is amazing. We can see a highly refined class of acting .They are full of talent and confidence. They display the image of Indian future on a global mirror. All the best for their future and congratulations …………….to their parents.
We Indians will always be thankful to all of you.
Monday, 23rd of February, 2009, the day jots down the golden words in INDIAN history pages. A glorious day which made the dreams of one billion people true. Proud to be INDIAN………yeah!!
The movie SLUMDOG MILLIONARE bagged 8 Oscars for the best film, best director (Danny Boyle), best original song, scores, best cinematography and editing, best screenplay, best sound mixing (Resul from India). One Indian documentary ‘SMILE PINKI’, also swept an Oscar directed by Megan Mylan, based on a small village girl Pinki with a lip-cleft.
AR Rahman and Mr.Gulzar fascinated the whole world with their magical music
.They make realize the world what the Indians are and their talents, ambitions, approach and will power. They opened the doors for Indian cinema in such a highly reputed academic awards.
The most appreciable thing is the acting of kids from slums, it is amazing. We can see a highly refined class of acting .They are full of talent and confidence. They display the image of Indian future on a global mirror. All the best for their future and congratulations …………….to their parents.
We Indians will always be thankful to all of you.
Monday, February 9, 2009
Growing with Kids
Kids are like flowers on earth .They flourish the lives of their parents; fulfill their dreams to be called “Mom” or “Dad”. These emotions create a relation of love, caring and attachment between them. It is sometimes seen that the caring goes over a limit and parents forget to make their children learn responsibilities and etiquettes. When these (good habits, responsibilities, etiquettes) are tried to be imbibed in children then often it gets late. Nowadays these are the common complaints of parents that their kid never listens to them, is stubborn, and doesn’t take meals on time, has developed habit of crying etc. Kids are very sharp learners and great observers. They learn more from what they feel and watch. So it’s necessary for parents first to see their own behaviour with kids and what they present to them in terms of their own relationship and attitude (nagging, anger, swearing, lies should be avoided in front of children). Your child is mostly a reflection of you, your manners in home, your very own etiquettes, as he/she grows up he borrows things from society as well but the foundation layer is always you. Parents should never argue with their kids or negotiate or give in to their unreasonable demands though someone may argue kids always have unreasonable demands…you will have to differentiate and also convey a message between right and wrong. Always encourage their skills and try to make them creative. Listen to their ideas with patience. Encourage reading and try to avoid television … I read somewhere that for a kid it is better to play a video game (obviously try to channel him/her towards better ones like Strategy/Quiz/Racing.. not the intense ones, avoid violence and evil games) rather than watch television.
Immunity - An Overview
Immunity - a self-defense system of an organism against invading infectious and non-infectious foreign materials. This term comes from a Latin word ''IMMUNIS'' which means "EXEMPT''.
The process of immunity in any living organism involves different types of cellular and humoral components. Any response mediated by its component has two main activities -first recognition of that agent and second response against it. The immune system has remarkable capacity to distinguish between itself and a foreign agent.
Generally two types of immunity are found-Adaptive or specific and innate or non-specific immunity. The mechanism of non- specific innate immunity exists in the body and doesn't need any memory of earlier contacts, while adaptive one is highly specific for pathogen recognition and needs memory.
Innate immune mechanisms help us to protect from those factors which we face in our daily lives as dust, air particles, fluctuation in cold weathers etc.
Cellular components of immune system are Lymphocytes (T and B), Macrophages, granulocytes etc. and antibodies and cytokines represent the humoral components. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, skin.
In adaptive immune system when a pathogen releases its immunogenic molecules in the host lymphoid system which is recognizable also, the cell, in response activates its "Antibodies''. These are "Glycoprotein", having a "Y" shaped structure made up of four polypeptide chains, in which two chains are identical light (L) and two identical heavy (H) chains. Both are connected by a "Disulphide bonds”. Every molecule of antibody has a specific “Antigen-binding site" or PARATOPE. Antibodies are classified as IgG, IgA, IgM ,IgD and IgE.
The second most important biological entity is ANTIGEN, it is a material which induces an immune response and also activates the Antibodies response after binding with it. Immune cells recognize them by their discrete sites or EPITOPES on which antibodies or lymphocytes are attached. These are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (B lymphocytes). Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies, hence they are Antibody Generators
The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antigens interact to B-cells in two ways-with the help if macrophages and T cells (T-dependent antigens) and direct interaction with B-cells (T-independent antigens).
PATTERN OF PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES-
When antigens enter the body, the production of antibody follows a pattern which is measured by the level of antibody in the blood. First the antibodies get activated during LAG PHASE. After this the antibodies are released in the blood, it is called LOG PHASE, which is followed by STEADY PHASE here the production equals to the removal. And then the antibodies are declined during DECLINE PHASE .Thus the first time response against any pathogen takes time due to recognition and activation process but in the second time the organism responds in lesser time due to the memory cell formed during the first attack.
The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall in two types: Immunodeficiency - when parts of immune system fail to provide an adequate response. Autoimmunity- when immune system attacks its own host's body.
Another system disorders is Hypersensitivities – when the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds (asthma and other allergies) or responds too intensely.
The most known disease affecting immune system is AIDS, caused by HIV. In this case the virus of the HIV destroys the host’s T-Cells and Macrophages, the two main component of immune system. Thus the affected human can’t be protected from different types of pathogens.
In the 21st century, immunology has widened its horizons with much research being performed in different areas of immunology, which includes the immunological function of cells, organs, tissues and systems associated with the immune system.
The process of immunity in any living organism involves different types of cellular and humoral components. Any response mediated by its component has two main activities -first recognition of that agent and second response against it. The immune system has remarkable capacity to distinguish between itself and a foreign agent.
Generally two types of immunity are found-Adaptive or specific and innate or non-specific immunity. The mechanism of non- specific innate immunity exists in the body and doesn't need any memory of earlier contacts, while adaptive one is highly specific for pathogen recognition and needs memory.
Innate immune mechanisms help us to protect from those factors which we face in our daily lives as dust, air particles, fluctuation in cold weathers etc.
Cellular components of immune system are Lymphocytes (T and B), Macrophages, granulocytes etc. and antibodies and cytokines represent the humoral components. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, skin.
In adaptive immune system when a pathogen releases its immunogenic molecules in the host lymphoid system which is recognizable also, the cell, in response activates its "Antibodies''. These are "Glycoprotein", having a "Y" shaped structure made up of four polypeptide chains, in which two chains are identical light (L) and two identical heavy (H) chains. Both are connected by a "Disulphide bonds”. Every molecule of antibody has a specific “Antigen-binding site" or PARATOPE. Antibodies are classified as IgG, IgA, IgM ,IgD and IgE.
The second most important biological entity is ANTIGEN, it is a material which induces an immune response and also activates the Antibodies response after binding with it. Immune cells recognize them by their discrete sites or EPITOPES on which antibodies or lymphocytes are attached. These are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (B lymphocytes). Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies, hence they are Antibody Generators
The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antigens interact to B-cells in two ways-with the help if macrophages and T cells (T-dependent antigens) and direct interaction with B-cells (T-independent antigens).
PATTERN OF PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES-
When antigens enter the body, the production of antibody follows a pattern which is measured by the level of antibody in the blood. First the antibodies get activated during LAG PHASE. After this the antibodies are released in the blood, it is called LOG PHASE, which is followed by STEADY PHASE here the production equals to the removal. And then the antibodies are declined during DECLINE PHASE .Thus the first time response against any pathogen takes time due to recognition and activation process but in the second time the organism responds in lesser time due to the memory cell formed during the first attack.
The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall in two types: Immunodeficiency - when parts of immune system fail to provide an adequate response. Autoimmunity- when immune system attacks its own host's body.
Another system disorders is Hypersensitivities – when the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds (asthma and other allergies) or responds too intensely.
The most known disease affecting immune system is AIDS, caused by HIV. In this case the virus of the HIV destroys the host’s T-Cells and Macrophages, the two main component of immune system. Thus the affected human can’t be protected from different types of pathogens.
In the 21st century, immunology has widened its horizons with much research being performed in different areas of immunology, which includes the immunological function of cells, organs, tissues and systems associated with the immune system.
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